{"id":649,"date":"2017-08-25T16:18:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-25T08:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wordvice.cn\/?p=649"},"modified":"2025-04-04T14:36:36","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T06:36:36","slug":"reference-citation-et-al","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/blog\/reference-citation-et-al\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8bba\u6587\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u683c\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u300cet al.\u300d\u7528\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u4eab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u60f3\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6765\u5b8c\u6574\u4e86\u89e3\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0e\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u6709\u5343\u767e\u79cd\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5f7b\u5e95\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57&#8221;et al.&#8221;\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u3002\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u662f\u671f\u520a\u5c11\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u603b\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u5404\u4f4d\u52a1\u5fc5\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u6309\u7167\u6295\u7a3f\u671f\u520a\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u987b\u77e5\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u6709?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u627e\u5230\u539f\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528endnotes\u3001footnotes\u6216in-text citations\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>In-text (or parenthetical) citations&nbsp;\u6587\u5185\u6ce8<\/strong>: \u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u732e\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u6807\u9898\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u662f\u300c\u62ec\u53f7\u5f15\u7528(parenthetical citations)\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5728\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Endnotes and footnotes \u5c3e\u6ce8\u548c\u811a\u6ce8<\/strong>: \u5c3e\u6ce8\u548c\u811a\u6ce8\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u8bba\u6587\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5229\u7528\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bba\u6587\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206(\u5c3e\u6ce8)\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8be5\u9875\u7684\u6700\u4e0b\u65b9 (\u811a\u6ce8)\u3002\u5c3e\u6ce8\u548c\u811a\u6ce8\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u5728scientific writing\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u811a\u6ce8\u548c\u5c3e\u6ce8\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u62ec\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9009\u7528\u811a\u6ce8\u548c\u5c3e\u6ce8\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reference lists \u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868<\/strong>: \u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\u653e\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6c47\u7f16\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u6599\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u300cet al.\u300d?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62c9\u4e01\u7528\u8bed\u65f6\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u300cEt al.\u300d\uff0c\u4e3a\u300cet alii\u300d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300cand others\u300d \uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u662f\u300cet cetera\u300d \u3002 \u300cet cetera\u300d \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u662f\u300cetc.\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300cand the rest\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u300cet al.\u300d\u8ddf\u300cetc.\u300d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5dee\u522b?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u300cet al.\u300d\u53ea\u9650\u5b9a\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u300cetc.\u300d\u53ea\u7528\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u300cet al.\u300d?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u300cet al.\u300d\u52a1\u5fc5\u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u300cet al.\u300d\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u62fc\u5199\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c<strong>\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u5199(\u9664\u975e\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5f00\u5934)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728al.\u540e\u65b9\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002&nbsp;<\/strong>&#8220;al.&#8221;\u662falii\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u4e14et al.\u6574\u4e2a\u524d\u9762\u81f3\u5c11\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u3001\u804c\u4f4d\u6216\u804c\u79f0\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c&#8221;et al.&#8221; \u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u5728\u5c3e\u6ce8\u3001\u811a\u6ce8\u4e0e\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\u540d\u3002 \u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u8baf\u4ee5\u53ca\u8303\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e: \u4f5c\u8005\u540d\u5b57<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u732e\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u591a\u6570\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u89c4\u8303:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>American Psychological Association (APA) style;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style); and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modern Language Association (MLA) style.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u6709\u4e9b\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5728Nature\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/authors\/gta\/index.html#a5.4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5357<\/a>\u3002\u5f53\u4e0d\u592a\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u671f\u520a\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u6b63\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>APA style: \u5173\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u4f5c\u8005\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>APA style \u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e66\u672c\u4e0e\u671f\u520a\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8303\u6587\u90fd\u5728\u4e0b\u65b9\u3002\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u8baf\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9<a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/tools_citationguide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u67e5\u770b&nbsp;<em>Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;ed., 2<sup>nd&nbsp;<\/sup>printing)\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Note: APA uses the ampersand (&amp;) to list authors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6e90\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e66\u672c\u3001\u5370\u5237\u671f\u520a\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u671f\u520a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u7535\u5b50\u671f\u520a\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u63a8\u8350\u5c06\u6570\u4f4d\u7269\u4ef6\u8fa8\u8bc6\u53f7(Digital Object Identifier, DOI)\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u6587\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u4e0d\u8981\u5728DOI\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u53e5\u70b9 (.)<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><b>\u7b26\u53f7<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">One<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Books<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [<em>Title of book: Capitalize first word of subtitle<\/em>]. [City, State abbreviation\/Country for non-US publications]: [Publisher].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, M. T. (2017). <em>Epigenetic mechanisms: An overview<\/em>. Lima, Peru: PublishCo.<\/span><p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Journals<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [Article title]. [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], [<em>Volume number<\/em>] (issue number), [Page range for whole article]. doi:10.XXXX.XXXXXX<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, J. M. (2017). Trauma caretaking and compassion fatigue. <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, <em>14 <\/em>(2), 243-45. doi: 10.XXXX.XXXXXX<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Two<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Use \u201c&amp;\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Books<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., &amp; [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [<em>Title of book: Capitalize first word of subtitle<\/em>]. [City, State abbreviation\/Country for non-US publications]: [Publisher].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, J. M., &amp; Wallace, R. A. (2017). <em>Epigenetic mechanisms: An overview<\/em>. Lima, Peru: PublishCo.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Journals<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., &amp; [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [Article title]. [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], [<em>Volume number<\/em>] (issue number), [Page range for whole article]. doi:10.XXXX.XXXXXX<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, J. M., &amp; Wallace, R. A. (2017). Trauma caretaking and compassion fatigue. <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, <em>14 <\/em>(2), 243-45. doi: 10.XXXX.XXXXXX<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Three to seven<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Commas separate author names; use \u201c&amp;\u201d before the last author name)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Books<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., \u2026, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&amp;<\/span> [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [<em>Title of book: Capitalize first word of subtitle<\/em>]. [City, State Abbreviation\/Country for non-US publications]: [Publisher].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, J. M., Wallace, R. A., \u2026, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&amp;<\/span> Johnson, C. T. (2017). <em>Epigenetic mechanisms: An overview<\/em>. Lima, Peru: PublishCo.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Journals<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., \u2026, [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [Article title]. [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], [<em>Volume number<\/em>] (issue number), [Page range for whole article]. doi:10.XXXX.XXXXXX<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, J. M., Wallace, R. A., \u2026, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&amp;<\/span> Johnson, C. T. (2017). Trauma caretaking and compassion fatigue. <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, <em>14 <\/em>(2), 243-45. doi: 10.XXXX.XXXXXX<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">More than seven<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(List the first <strong>six<\/strong> authors, then use an ellipsis (\u2026) and list the last author;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&nbsp;<strong>no<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201c&amp;\u201d before the final author name)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Books<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026<\/span> [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [<em>Title of book: Capitalize first word of subtitle<\/em>]. [City, State Abbreviation\/Country for non-US publications]: [Publisher].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, J. M., Wallace, R. A., Smith, M. T., Lewis, R. V., Higgs, R. Q., Young, D. A., <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026<\/span> Johnson, C. T. (2017). <em>Epigenetic mechanisms: An overview<\/em>. Lima, Peru: PublishCo.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Journals<\/span>:[Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]., <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026<\/span> [Last name], [First initial]. [Middle initial]. ([Year]). [Article title]. [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], [<em>Volume number<\/em>] (issue number), [Page range for whole article]. doi:10.XXXX.XXXXXX<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, J. M., Wallace, R. A., Smith, M. T., Lewis, R. V., Higgs, R. Q., Young, D. A., <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026<\/span> Johnson, C. T. (2017). Trauma caretaking and compassion fatigue. <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, <em>14 <\/em>(2), 243-45. doi: 10.XXXX.XXXXXX<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3>\u5c3e\u6ce8\u548c\u811a\u6ce8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>APA style\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u6ce8\u4e5f\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5c3e\u6ce8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6ce8\u89e3\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5728Section 2.12 of the&nbsp;<em>APA Publication Manual<\/em>\u4e2d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u6216\u62ec\u53f7\u5f15\u7528(author-date system)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>APA style\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u8005\u65e5\u671f\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5370\u5237\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u671f\u520a\u3002 *Note: The author-number thresholds for changing formatting are different from those for reference lists. \u518d\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u91ca\u4e49\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u9875\u7801\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd8\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u5f15\u7528\u9875\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Author names&nbsp;mentioned in your statement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Quoting or paraphrasing WITHOUT mentioning author in your statement<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">One<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name] ([Year]) has argued that [\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement] (p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller (2017) has argued that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (p. 14).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name], [Year], [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith, 2017, pp. 23-25).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Two<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Use \u201c&amp;\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name] &amp; [Last name] ([Year]) have argued that [\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement] (p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller &amp; Jones (2017) have argued that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased Statement (p. 14).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name], [Last name], &amp; [Last name], [Year], p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith &amp; Wallace, 2015, p. 34).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Three to five<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Use \u201c&amp;\u201d for first mention and \u201cet al.\u201d for subsequent references to the same work)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:[Last name], [Last name], &amp; [Last name] ([Year]) have argued that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] (p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Smith, &amp; Thompson (2017) have argued that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (p. 14).<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span>:[Last name] et al. ([Year]) have argued that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] (p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller et al. (2017) have argued that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (p. 14).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name], [Last name], &amp; [Last name], [Year], p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith, Wallace, &amp; Thompson, 2015, p. 34).<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span>:[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name] et al., [Year], p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith et al., 2015, p. 34).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Six or more<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name] et al. ([Year]) have argued that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] (p. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller et al. (2017) have argued that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (p. 14).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name] et al. [Year], p. [Page(s) Referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith et al., 2015, p. 34).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2>\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u683c\u5f0f(Chicago style)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chicago style\u5f88\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u671f\u520a\u5f15\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb<a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/tools_citationguide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b<em>The Chicago Manual of Style<\/em>, 16th edition\u7684Chapters 14 \u548c15 \u3002\u60f3\u53c2\u8003\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb<a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/resource\/717\/11\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\u67e5\u770bPurdue Owl&#8217;s NB\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002&nbsp;\u60f3\u53c2\u8003author-date\u8bba\u6587\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b<a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/resource\/717\/10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7535\u5b50\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u5199\u4e0a\u4f60\u67e5\u627e\u8d44\u8baf\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u6295\u7a3f\u7684\u671f\u520a\u6709\u7279\u522b\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709DOI\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u5740\u3002 Chicago style\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u50cfAPA style\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u4eba\u540d\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528&amp;\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528and\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c&nbsp;\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d(first and middle) \u5fc5\u987b\u5168\u90e8\u62fc\u5199(\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f29\u5199)\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8be5\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868(Reference lists)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e66\u7c4d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Bibliographic system (humanities)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Author-date system (social, natural, and physical sciences)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">One<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name], [First name(s)]. [<em>Book Title<\/em>]. [Location]: [Publisher], [Year].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Mary. <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms<\/em>. New York: PublishCo, 2017.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name], [First name(s)]. [Year]. [<em>Book Title<\/em>]. [Location]: [Publisher].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Mary. 2017. <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms<\/em>. New York: PublishCo.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Two or more<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(List ALL authors)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name], [First name(s)], [First name(s)] [Last name], \u2026, and [First name(s)] [Last name]. [<em>Book Title<\/em>]. [Location]: [Publisher], [Year].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Mary T., Mark Allen, Helen Carter, \u2026, and George Turner. <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms<\/em>. New York: PublishCo, 2017.<\/span><\/td>\n<td>[Last name], [First name(s)], [First name(s)] [Last name], \u2026, and [First name(s)] [Last name]. [Year]. [<em>Book Title<\/em>]. [Location]: [Publisher].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Mary T., Mark Allen, Helen Carter, \u2026, and George Turner. 2017. <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms<\/em>. New York: PublishCo.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u671f\u520a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Bibliographic system (humanities)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Author-date system (social, natural, and physical sciences)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">One<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[Last name], [First name(s)]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page range for whole article].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack M.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[Last name], [First name(s)]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page range for whole article]. Accessed [Month DD, YYYY]. doi: [DOI Number].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45. Accessed June 12, 2017. doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:<\/span><\/span>[Last Name], [First Name(s)]. [Year].&nbsp;\u201c[Article Title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume Number], no. [Issue Number]: [Page Range for Whole Article].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack M. 2017.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4: 243-45.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[Last Name], [First name(s)]. [Year]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number]: [Page range for whole article]. Accessed [Month DD, YYYY]. doi: [DOI Number].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack. 2017.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4: 243-45. Accessed June 12, 2017. doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">More than two<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(List ALL authors)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[Last name], [First name(s)], [First name(s)] [Last name], \u2026, and [First name(s)] [Last name]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page range for whole article].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack M., Mary Rogers, \u2026, and David L. Smith.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[Last name], [First name(s)], [First name(s)] [Last name], \u2026, and [First name(s)] [Last name]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page range for whole article]. Accessed [Month DD, YYYY]. doi: [DOI number].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack M., Mary Rogers, \u2026, and David L. Smith.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45. Accessed June 12, 2017. doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[Last name], [First name(s)], [First name(s)] [Last name], \u2026, and [First name(s)] [Last name]. [Year]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number]: [Page range for whole article].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack M., Mary Rogers, \u2026, and David L. Smith. 2017.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4: 243-45.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[Last name], [First name(s)], [First name(s)] [Last name], \u2026, and [First name(s)] [Last name]. [Year]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number]: [Page range for whole article]. Accessed [Month DD, YYYY]. doi: [DOI Number].Miller, Jack M., Mary Rogers, \u2026, and David L. Smith. 2017.&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4: 243-45. Accessed June 12, 2017. doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3>\u811a\u6ce8\u548c\u5c3e\u6ce8 Endnotes and footnotes (<strong>Bibliographic system<\/strong>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e66\u7c4d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Bibliographic system (humanities)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>One<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name], [<em>Book Title<\/em>] ([Location]: [Publisher], [Year]), [Page(s) referenced].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Mary T. Smith, <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms: an Overview<\/em> (New York: PublishCo, 2017), 23-35.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span>:[Last Name], [Shortened book title], [Page(s) referenced].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms<\/em>, 55.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Two to three<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name], [First name(s)] [Last name], and [First name(s)] [Last name], [<em>Book Title<\/em>] ([Location]: [Publisher], [Year]), [Page(s) referenced].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Mary T. Smith, Leslie Wilson, and George Turner, <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms: an Overview<\/em> (New York: PublishCo, 2017), 68-69.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span>:[Last name], [Last name], and [Last name], [<em>Shortened Book Title<\/em>], [Page(s) referenced].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Wilson, and Turner, <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms<\/em>, 70-75.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Four or more<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Use \u201cet al.\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name] et al., [<em>Book Title<\/em>] ([Location]: [Publisher], [Year]), [Page(s) referenced].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Mary T. Smith et al., <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms: an Overview<\/em> (New York: PublishCo, 2017), 23-35.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span>:[Last name] et al., [<em>Shortened Book Title<\/em>], [Page(s) referenced].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith et. al, <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms<\/em>, 55.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u671f\u520a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Bibliographic system (humanities)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">One<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name], \u201c[Article title],\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page(s) referenced].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Jack Miller, \u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue,\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name], \u201c[Article title],\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page(s) referenced], accessed [Month DD, YYYY], doi: [DOI Number].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Jack Miller,&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45, accessed June 12, 2017, doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span> (for both print and online):<\/p>\n<p>[Last Name], \u201cShortened Article Title,\u201d] [Page(s) Referenced].<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, \u201cTrauma Caretaking,\u201d 244.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Two to three<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name], [First name(s)] [Last name], and [First name(s)] [Last name], \u201c[Article Title],\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page(s) referenced].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Jack Miller, Mary Rogers, and David L. Smith,&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue,\u201d&nbsp;<em style=\"color: #339966;\">Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name], [First name(s)] [Last name], and [First name(s)] [Last name], \u201c[Article title],\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page(s) referenced], accessed [Month DD, YYYY], doi: [DOI Number].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Jack Miller, Mary Rogers, and David L. Smith,&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue,\u201d&nbsp;<em style=\"color: #339966;\">Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45, accessed June 12, 2017, doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span> (for both print and online):<\/p>\n<p>[Last name], [Last name], and [Last name], \u201cShortened article title,\u201d] [Page(s) referenced].<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Rogers, and Smith, \u201cTrauma Caretaking,\u201d 244.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Four or more<br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Use \u201cet al.\u201d)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">First mention<\/span>:<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name] et al., \u201c[Article title],\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page(s) referenced].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Jack Miller et al.,&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[First name(s)] [Last name] et al. \u201c[Article title],\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>] [Volume number], no. [Issue number] ([Year]): [Page(s) referenced], accessed [Month DD, YYYY], doi: [DOI Number].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Jack Miller et al.,&nbsp;\u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Trauma Prevention<\/em> 14, no. 4 (2017): 243-45, accessed June 12, 2017, doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Subsequent mentions<\/span> (for both print and online):<\/p>\n<p>[Last name] et al., \u201cShortened article title,\u201d] [Page(s) Referenced].<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller et al., \u201cTrauma Caretaking,\u201d 244.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6587\u5185\u6ce8 In-text or parenthetical&nbsp;citations (Author-date system)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62ec\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u6cd5\u5e38\u5728\u7684\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u671f\u520a\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Author names mentioned in your s<\/strong><strong>tatement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Quoting or paraphrasing WITHOUT mentioning author in your statement<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">One<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name] ([Year]) argues that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller (2017) argues that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased Statement (14).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name] [Year], [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith 2017, 23-25).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Two to three<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name] and [Last name] ([Year]) argue that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller and Jones (2017) argue that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (14).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name], [Last name], and [Last name] [Year], [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith, Rogers, and Wallace 2015, 34).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Four or more<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><br><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> (Use \u201cet al.\u201d)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name] et al. ([Year]) argue that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller et al. (2017) argue that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (14).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name] et al. [Year], [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith et al. 2015, 34).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2>MLA style<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MLA style\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u5a92\u4f53\u6216\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf7\u89c1<em>MLA Handbook<\/em>&nbsp;(8<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;ed.)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868 (works cited page)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Books<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><strong>Journals<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">One<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[Last name], [First name] [Middle initial].&nbsp;[<em>Book Title<\/em>]. [Publisher], [Year]. <\/span><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Mary T. <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms: an Overview<\/em>. PublishCo, 2017.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:<span style=\"color: #000000;\">[Last name], [First name]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], vol. [Volume], no. [Issue], [Date], pp. [Pages].&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack. \u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, vol. 14, no. 4, 2017, pp. 243-45.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:<span style=\"color: #000000;\">[Last name], [First name]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], vol. [Volume], no. [Issue], [Date], pp. [Pages].&nbsp;<\/span>[<em>Electronic database<\/em>], doi: [DOI number]. Accessed [DD MM YYYY].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack. \u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, vol. 14, no. 4, 2017, pp. 243-45.&nbsp;<em>JournalDatabase<\/em>, doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX. Accessed 19 June 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Two<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name], [First name] and [First name] [Last name].&nbsp;[<em>Book Title<\/em>]. [Publisher], [Year].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Mary T., and George Thompson. <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms: an Overview<\/em>. PublishCo, 2017.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[Last name], [First name] and [First name] [Last name]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], vol. [Volume], no. [Issue], [Year], pp. [Pages].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack, and George Thompson. \u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, vol. 14, no. 4, 2017, pp. 243-45.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[Last name], [First name] and [First name] [Last name]. \u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], vol. [Volume], no. [Issue], [Year], pp. [Pages]. [<em>Electronic database<\/em>], doi: [DOI number]. Accessed [DD MM YYYY].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack, and George Thompson. \u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, vol. 14, no. 4, 2017, pp. 243-45.&nbsp;<em>JournalDatabase<\/em>, doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX. Accessed 19 June 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Three or more<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">[Last name], [First name], et al.&nbsp;[<em>Book Title<\/em>]. [Publisher], [Year].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Smith, Mary T., et al. <em>Epigenetic Mechanisms: an Overview<\/em>. PublishCo, 2017.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Print<\/span>:[Last name], [First name], et al.&nbsp;\u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], vol. [Volume], no. [Issue], [Year], pp. [Pages].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack, et al. \u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, vol. 14, no. 4, 2017, pp. 243-45.<\/span>&nbsp;<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Online<\/span>:[Last name], [First name], et al.&nbsp;\u201c[Article title].\u201d [<em>Journal Title<\/em>], vol. [Volume], no. [Issue], [Year], pp. [Pages]. [<em>Electronic database<\/em>], doi: [DOI number]. Accessed [DD MM YYYY].<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller, Jack, et al. \u201cTrauma Caretaking and Compassion Fatigue.\u201d <em>Trauma Prevention<\/em>, vol. 14, no. 4, 2017, pp. 243-45.&nbsp;<em>JournalDatabase<\/em>, doi: XX.XXXX\/XXXXXX. Accessed 19 June 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u811a\u6ce8\u548c\u5c3e\u6ce8(Endnotes and footnotes)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MLA style\u683c\u5f0f<a href=\"https:\/\/style.mla.org\/2016\/02\/29\/using-notes-in-mla-style\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u592a\u9f13\u52b1\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u6ce8\u548c\u5c3e\u6ce8<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8bba\u6587\u5185\u6587\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u6765\u6f84\u6e05\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u5185\u6ce8\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u70b9\u50cf(\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0b\u65b9)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u62ec\u5f27:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>See [last name] [page range].<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#339966\" class=\"has-inline-color\">See Miller 153-45.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See [last name], especially [page range], for [content topic].<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#339966\" class=\"has-inline-color\">See Miller, especially 64-68, for additional information about this phenomenon.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regarding [content topic], see [last name] [page range] and [last name] [page range]; for [content topic], see [last name] [page range], [last name] [page range], and [last name] [page range].<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#339966\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Regarding this phenomenon&#8217;s impact on trauma caretakers, see Miller 54-68 and Willis 23-25; for alternative explanations, see Jones 23-25, Thompson 64-55, and Smith 12-15.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[Comment]. See [last name] [page range], [last name] [page range], [last name] [page range].<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#339966\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Other interview-based studies were conducted on trauma victim caretakers. See Miller 12-45, Thompson 63-69, and Jones 5-8.<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6587\u5185\u6ce8 In-text (parenthetical)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MLA style\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528author-page style\uff0c\u4e0d\u662fauthor-date style\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><b>\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/b><\/td><td><strong>Author names&nbsp;mentioned in your s<\/strong><strong>tatement<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Quoting or paraphrasing WITHOUT mentioning author in your statement<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>One<\/td><td>[Last name] argues that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller argues that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (14).<\/span><\/td><td>[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name] [Page(s) Referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith 23-25).<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Two<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Use \u201cand\u201d)<\/span><\/td><td>[Last name] and [Last name] argue that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller and Jones argue that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (14).<\/span><\/td><td>[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name] and [Last name] [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith and Wallace 34).<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Three or more<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(Use \u201cet al.\u201d)<\/span><\/td><td>[Last name] et al. argue that [&#8220;quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">Miller et al. argue that \u201cquote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (14).<\/span><\/td><td>[&#8220;Quote&#8221;\/paraphrased statement] ([Last name] et al. [Page(s) referenced]).<span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u201cQuote\u201d\/paraphrased statement (Smith et al. 34).<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528&#8221;et al.&#8221;\u7b49\u5f15\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u7ec6\u8282\u5f80\u5f80\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u501f\u52a9 Wordvice AI \u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.ai\/cn\/proofreading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5<\/a>\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\u7684&#8221;et al.&#8221;\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6838\u5bf9\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u671f\u520a\u5bf9&#8221;et al.&#8221;\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u7b5b\u67e5\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7Wordvice\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/services\/academic-editing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u6da6\u8272\u670d\u52a1<\/a>\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8ba9\u60a8\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528\u65e2\u89c4\u8303\u53c8\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u9700\u8981<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u6587\u6da6\u8272<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u8bed\u6da6\u8272<\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u627eWordvice\u3002<br>|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/blog\/academy-academic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8d44\u6e90\u535a\u5ba2<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/services\/academic-editing\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u6da6\u8272<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/services\/translation\/academic-paper\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/services\/academic-editing\/journal\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u6da6\u8272<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/services\/academic-editing\/paper-thesis-dissertation\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u6da6\u8272<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/services\/academic-editing\/paper-abstract\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8bba\u6587\u6458\u8981\u6da6\u8272<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/pricing\/proofreading-prices\/\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u7528<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/faq\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FAQ<\/a>\u00a0|<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u4eab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u60f3\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6765\u5b8c\u6574\u4e86\u89e3\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16,36],"tags":[293],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - 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