{"id":1528,"date":"2022-09-06T08:54:52","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T00:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wordvice.cn\/?p=1528"},"modified":"2025-05-16T08:33:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T00:33:54","slug":"6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/","title":{"rendered":"\u82f1\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u516d\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u82f1\u6587\u5b66\u672f\u5199\u4f5c\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u516d\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\uff0c\u5373\u201cet al.\u201d\u3001\u201cetc.\u201d\u3001\u201ce.g.\u201d\u3001\u201ci.e.\u201d\u3001\u201cviz.\u201d\u3001\u201cvs.\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u627f\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bcd\u4ecd\u7136\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u53c8\u79f0\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5373\u4eceA\u5230Z\u768426\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5373\u03b1\u3001\u03b2\u3001\u03bb\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6d41\u4f20\u6700\u5e7f\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u53e4\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u670923\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcdI\u5206\u5316\u51faJ\uff0cV\u5206\u5316\u51faU\u548cW\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u768426\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u62fc\u5199\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53e4\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u68b5\u8bed\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u5206\u5316\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7684\u7f57\u66fc\u8bed\u3001\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u6492\u514b\u900a\u8bed\u548c\u4ee5\u5fb7\u8bed\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u54e5\u7279\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u4e66\u9762\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u8fbe\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u53e3\u8bed\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u201ci.e.\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53e3\u8bed\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u201cthat is\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u5458\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u516d\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4e0e\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7b80\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ee-blog-cdn.wordvice.com\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/24124536\/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%AA%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E7%BC%A9%E5%86%99%E8%AF%8D2_min.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1529\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>et al.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><p>\u201cet al.\u201d\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u201cet alii\u201d\u3001\u201cet alia\u201d\u3001\u201cet aliae\u201d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201cand other people\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7b49\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u65f6\u7701\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u540e\uff0c<strong>&gt;\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7528\u659c\u4f53\u7684\u201c<em>et al<\/em>.\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff<\/strong>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5f00\u5217\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u201cet al.\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u671f\u520a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u6570\u671f\u520a\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e09\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cet al.\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p><p>Smith <em>et al<\/em>. (2011) reported a very high exhaust gas temperature at the rated power.<\/p><p>Previous studies (Smith <em>et al<\/em>., 2011) reported a very high exhaust gas temperature at the rated power.<\/p><p>This book was written by Smith, Johnson, Williams, <em>et al<\/em>.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>etc.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><p>\u201cetc.\u201d\u662f\u201cet cetera\u201d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201cand so on\u201d\u3001\u201cand other things\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7b49\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5f00\u5217\u9879\u76ee\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u6700\u672b\u3002\u4e0e\u201cet al.\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u201cetc.\u201d\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5982\u679c\u201cetc.\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u60f3\u63a5\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u9017\u53f7\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u201cetc.\u201d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6dfb\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u53e5\u53f7\uff08\u70b9\u53f7\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u201cincluding\u201d\uff08\u201c\u5305\u62ec\u201d\uff09\u3001\u201ce.g.\u201d\uff08\u201c\u4f8b\u5982\u201d\uff09\u3001\u201csuch as\u201d\uff08\u201c\u4f8b\u5982\u201d\uff09\u3001\u201cfor example\u201d\uff08\u201c\u4f8b\u5982\u201d\uff09\u7684\u5f00\u5217\u9879\u76ee\u6e05\u5355\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u201cetc.\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u793a\u5e76\u672a\u56ca\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u5217\u4e3e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u201c\u7b49\u7b49\u201d\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u201cetc.\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u591a\u4f59\u4e86\u3002<\/p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u201cetc.\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u201cand\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201cet cetera\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201cet\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201cand\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u518d\u52a0\u201cand\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201cand others\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u201cetc.\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u7136\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p><p>\u5b66\u672f\u5199\u4f5c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7528\u8bcd\u6e05\u695a\u548c\u542b\u4e49\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u731c\u6d4b\u7701\u7565\u7684\u5217\u4e3e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4f5c\u8005\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u610f\u5473\u7684\u201cetc.\u201d\u3002\u201cetc.\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p><p>The following parameters were measured in the lab: engine speed, engine brake torque, air flow rate, intake manifold pressure, exhaust gas temperature, etc.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>e.g.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><p>\u201ce.g.\u201d\u662f\u201cexampli gratia\u201d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201cfor example\u201d\u3001\u201csuch as\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4f8b\u5982\u201d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u201ce.g.\u201d\u7684\u540e\u9762\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u9017\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e66\u5199\u4e3e\u4f8b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5219\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u9017\u53f7\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p><p>He wrote many books, e.g., <em>Engine System Design<\/em>, <em>Engine Performance Analysis<\/em>, and <em>Engine System Dynamics<\/em>.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>i.e.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><p>\u201ci.e.\u201d\u662f\u201cid est\u201d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201cthat is\u201d\u3001\u201cin other words\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5373\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\u201d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u201ci.e.\u201d\u7684\u540e\u9762\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u9017\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e66\u5199\u89e3\u91ca\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5219\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u9017\u53f7\u3002\u201ci.e.\u201d\u4e0e\u201ce.g.\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3e\u4f8b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p><p>Dr. Smith told us exactly what we need to do, i.e., measuring the exhaust gas temperature in the second engine cylinder.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>viz.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><p>\u201cviz.\u201d\u662f\u201cvidelicet\u201d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201cnamely\u201d\u3001\u201cprecisely\u201d\u3001\u201cthat is to say\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5373\u5f00\u5217\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u201cviz.\u201d\u5728\u542b\u4e49\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201ci.e.\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u201ci.e.\u201d\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5217\u8868\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u201cviz.\u201d\u4e0e\u201ce.g.\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u987b\u5c06\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bdd\u6240\u6307\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5168\u90e8\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9009\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5217\u4e3e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u5728\u201cviz.\u201d\u7684\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p><p>Each symbol represents one of the five elements, viz. metal\uff0cwood\uff0cwater, fire, and earth.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vs.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><p>\u201cvs.\u201d\u662f\u201cversus\u201d\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201cagainst\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5bf9\u51b3\u4e8e\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d2\u56fe\u7684\u6a2a\u7eb5\u8f74\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4f53\u80b2\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u53cc\u65b9\u7b49\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u6216\u5bf9\u51b3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aFigure 6 shows the engine air flow rate on the vertical axis vs. the engine speed on the horizontal axis.The most exciting game of this month was Harvard vs. Yale.It was an issue of better job opportunities vs. commuting inconvenience.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/blog\/first-order-50-promotion-2023\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ee-blog-cdn.wordvice.com\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/24153407\/50off-banner-1-7.png\" alt=\"\u82f1\u6587\u6da6\u8272\u4f18\u60e0\" class=\"wp-image-3745\" width=\"841\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ee-blog-cdn.wordvice.com\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/24153407\/50off-banner-1-7.png 776w, https:\/\/ee-blog-cdn.wordvice.com\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/24153407\/50off-banner-1-7-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/ee-blog-cdn.wordvice.com\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/24153407\/50off-banner-1-7-768x198.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 841px) 100vw, 841px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u9700\u8981<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u6587\u6da6\u8272<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.cn\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" 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